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	Classes	Characters
12.	Icosandria	Stamens 20 or more, attached to the calyx
13.	Polyandria	Stamens 20 or more, attached to the receptacle
14.	Didynamia	Stamens didynamous
15.	Tetradynamia	Stamens tetradynamous
16.	Monadelphia	Stamens united in a bundle
17.	Diadelphia	Stamens united in two bundles
18.	Polyadelphia	Stamens united in more than two bundles
19.	Syngenesia	Stamens united by anthers
20.	Gyandria	Stamens adnate to the carpels
21.	Monoecia	Plants monoecious
22.	Dioecia	Plants dioecious
23.	Polygamia	Plants polygamous
24.	Cryptogamia	Plants with concealed flower

Author citation

Author citation

For the identification of the name of a species to be accurate and complete, and for the readily verification of the date of publication, it is necessary to cite the name of author who first validly published the name of the plant. The following rules are followed for author citation.

vThe name of the author should be written in an abbreviated form unless they are very short after the name of the specific epithet. e.g., Oryza sativa L. or Linn.

vWhen a name is published jointly by two authors, the names of both should be cited linking by et or & (ampersand). e.g., Aristolochia ciliata Davis & Khan

vWhen the name is published jointly by more than two authors, the citation should be restricted to the first author and is followed by et al. e.g., Cuscuta chittagonensis  Sengupta et al.

vWhen an author who validly publishes a name and ascribes it to another author who suggested the name but failed to publish it validly, the name of the latter should be connected to the name of former by an ex. e.g., Euphorphia ancyrensis Aznavaur ex Khan.

vWhen an author changes a published name (generic name or specific epithet), the name of the author who first published the name must be cited in parenthesis followed by the name of author who affected the change. e.g., Vinga unguiculata (L.) Walp.

ICBN:

ICBN:

ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) is the international rule-book of botanical nomenclature formulated by the International Botanical Congress at Vienna 1905, Brussels 1910, Cambridge 1930, and Amsterdam 1935 and further revised by the American Society of plant taxonomists with the centenary of the Botanical Society in France (1854-1954). Some principles of the code are given below-

Botany.Taxonomy

Binomial Nomenclature:
The system of naming of plants with a binomial, i.e. a name consisting two parts is known as binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature was first established by Carolous Linnaeus and finally settled by the international botanical congress held at Amsterdam in 1935.

The first word of the name designates the genus of the plant and begins with a capital letter, the second being the species and begins with small letter.

The name should always be underlined when written by hand or typed and given in italics when printed. Such as, Pea has received the name Pisum sativum.

The name of the author who first described a species is also written in an abbreviated form after the name of the species, e.g., Mangifera indica Linn. Here Linn. refers to the author who first described the plant.